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discourse
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@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
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---
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layout: post
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title: 使用Capistrano进行Discourse的自动化部署
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categories:
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- Programming
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tags:
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- rails
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- discourse
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---
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[Discourse](http://discourse.org/)是一个开源的论坛程序,由Stack Overflow的联合创始人之一Jeff Atwood在离开Stack Overflow后组队创建。他们的目标很宏伟,就是创建一个面向未来十年的论坛程序。具体的一些论坛的特性可以到其官网上查看,这里主要讨论一些其技术相关的东西。
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Discourse的源码托管在github,[https://github.com/discourse/discourse](https://github.com/discourse/discourse),使用了以下一些相关技术:
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- Ruby on Rails ,Discourse的后端其实是一个rails的app,拥有RESTful的api,api返回数据格式都是JSON格式。
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- Ember.js ,前端是一个Ember.js的app,和rails的api进行交互,他们使用这个Ember.js的原因可以参考这篇博文[http://eviltrout.com/2013/02/10/why-discourse-uses-emberjs.html](http://eviltrout.com/2013/02/10/why-discourse-uses-emberjs.html),博主在Discourse项目中主要担任前端开发工作,他的观点就是如果一个web应用是一个强交互应用的话,那么就可以使用Client MVC的js框架
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- PostgreSQL , 主要的数据都使用PostgreSQL进行存储,这个具有学院派风格的数据库经过多年的发展,稳定性,性能都非常不错,功能全面也是其一大特色。
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- Redis ,使用Redis这个kv数据库用于任务队列等功能
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如果你想使用Discourse搭建一个论坛,那么一个虚拟主机(VPS)是必不可少的了。本文所使用的主机是在Digital Ocean上申请的,机房选择的是旧金山,国内的访问速度还可以,我是比较熟悉Debian系(比如Debian,Ubuntu...)的Linux发行版本,安装软件直接apt-get解决,非常的方便。所以就选了Debian 7.0 x32 Server,512MB Ram,20GB SSD Disk,不过官方建议的最低内存是1G。
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创建好一个系统之后,第一步要做的就是系统的优化,用户创建及一些安全性相关的设置。
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###一.服务器端的各项准备工作
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应用的部署使用了一个ruby写的叫做Capistrano的工具,它是一个Remote multi-server automation tool,一个远程服务器自动部署的工具集,支持插件。只要在服务器上把基础环境准备好后,应用的配置和部署,只需要在本地客户端上敲几个命令即可,特别是多服务器端的时候特别方便了。
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创建好虚拟主机后首先有几个操作需要先做一下的
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更新系统:
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apt-get update
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apt-get upgrade
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apt-get install vim #默认的vi不太好用,你也可以选择别的编辑器比如nano
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确认下hostname
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vi /etc/hosts #比如 127.0.0.1 localhost mydiscourse.org
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####1.创建交换区
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有些虚拟机提供商可能默认就创建好交换区了,你可以通过free命令来查看,如果free的结果中看到类似如下这一行的时候,说明已经存在swap分区了
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Swap: 524284 23968 500316
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swap分区的作用就是当物理内存不够用的时候,系统将物理内存中长时间没有活动的部分转移到swap分区中,以腾出更多的内存供应用使用。当某个程序需要用到swap分区中的内容的时候,在从swap分区中转移出来。
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Digital Ocean默认是没有帮你创建好交换分区的,创建的方式如下:
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sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=512k
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sudo mkswap /swapfile
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sudo swapon /swapfile
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然后使用vim编辑/etc/fstab,添加下面这行
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/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
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为了安全,得修改swapfile的权限
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sudo chown root:root /swapfile
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sudo chmod 0600 /swapfile
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最后再次通过free命令确认下交换分区是否创建成功。
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####2.创建发布用户
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在Linux中,用户管理一直都是一个和安全息息相关的问题,如果控制好用户的权限非常的重要。
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首先在服务器上需要创建一个专门用于Capistrano发布的账户,我们叫他deploy user,并且将账户的登录方式限制为证书认证的方式,禁掉密码认证的登录方式(甚至可以附带关闭root ssh登录系统的权限),这些设置都是在sshd的配置文件中进行设置。
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一开始是root登录,这时你需要增加一个deploy user,我们就假设名字为 apps
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adduser apps #增加一个用户 apps
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adduser apps sudo #将apps用户加到sudo组,使其可以使用sudo
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这个时候你可以在客户端通过apps用户进行登录了
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要设置ssh验证方式,首先得在客户端也就是本机(desktop)上生成密钥对(如果你之前已经有了可以跳过此步)
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ssh-keygen
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这个时候会在~/.ssh 目录下生成了两个文件 id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pub,前者为私有,后者为公钥,你需要将公钥内容加到服务器端对应用户的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中,如果authorized_keys不存在则你需要创建一下。
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然后为了安全性 设置下相关目录的权限
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chown -R apps:apps .ssh
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chmod 700 .ssh
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chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
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这个时候你可以从客户端直接ssh 过去而不用输入用户密码了,假设这个时候你以apps登录下,我们再把密码验证登录验证的方式关掉。
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sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config #加上 PasswordAuthentication no 以及 PermitRootLogin no
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sudo service ssh restart #重启 sshd服务
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####3.安装必要的软件
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sudo apt-get install build-essential openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev \
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curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev \
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sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf libc6-dev libgdbm-dev \
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ncurses-dev automake libtool bison subversion pkg-config libffi-dev
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sudo apt-get install nginx
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sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1 redis-server \
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libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libpq-dev make g++
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创建好数据的角色和数据库
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sudo -u postgres createuser apps -s -P
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createdb -U apps discourse_production
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由于Discourse有邮件发送的需求,如果你想使用系统本身来发邮件,那么你还得安装sendmail
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apt-get install sendmail
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###二.客户端的准备工作
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####1.客户端安装基础软件
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安装git,如果你是使用Linux那么直接使用相关的包管理软件进行安装,如果你使用的是Mac那么可以使用macprot或者brew这些第三方的包管理软件进行安装。当然如果你要使用源码编译的方式安装也是可以的。
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安装ruby,你可以直接安装(包管理软件安装或者源码编译),也可以通过ruby版本管理的软件进行间接安装,比如rvm,rbenv。我这里选择了rbenv。
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如果你是Linux你得确保编译所需的软件包都安装就绪
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sudo apt-get install build-essential openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev \
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curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev \
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sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf libc6-dev libgdbm-dev \
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ncurses-dev automake libtool bison subversion pkg-config libffi-dev
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如果你是Mac,那么XCode以及XCode命令行工具你得安装就位。
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git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
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echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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exec $SHELL -l
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git clone https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
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rbenv install 2.0.0-p195; rbenv global 2.0.0-p195
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gem install bundler
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####2.git库的相关操作
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如果你想自己做一些自定义的开发工作或者想为discourse这个开源项目贡献自己的代码,那么你去注册一个github的账号是必不可少的了。
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然后从 https://github.com/discourse/discourse fork一个git库出来,比如我fork出来的地址为 https://github.com/kejinlu/discourse
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git clone git@github.com:kejinlu/discourse.git
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cd discourse
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git remote add upstream git@github.com:discourse/discourse.git #增加上游库,以便将上游的更新合并过来
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####3.准备Discourse生产环境所需的配置文件
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config/database.yml
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config/redis.yml
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environments/production.rb
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initializers/secret_token.rb
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config/thin.yml
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config/nginx.conf
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`config/database.yml`是数据库的配置文件,主要配置数据库的用户名密码,以及相关hostname
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cp database.yml.production-sample config/database.yml
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vi config/database.yml #然后对用户名密码以及对生产环境对应的host_names进行修改
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config/redis.yml 配置文件可以直接使用样例
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cp redis.yml.sample redis.yml #使用样例的配置即可,无需修改
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environments/production.rb 主要涉及到邮件发送的配置,如果你不想使用操作系统中的sendmail进行发送邮件,你可以选择第三方的smtp服务,
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比如我就是使用gmail的smtp进行发送的。
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config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
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config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true
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config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true
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config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
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:address => "smtp.gmail.com",
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:port => 587,
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:domain => 'mail.google.com',
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:user_name => 'info.mydiscourse@gmail.com',
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:password => 'xxxxxxxx',
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:authentication => 'plain',
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:enable_starttls_auto => true }
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#config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :sendmail
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#config.action_mailer.sendmail_settings = {arguments: '-i'}
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initializers/secret_token.rb 这个文件是rails要用的,默认就存在了,只不过用于开发环境的,你需要生成一个新的secret并对这个文件进行修改
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bundle exec rake secret
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将生成的字符串用到initializers/secret_token.rb文件中
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最后这个文件除了注释掉的只剩下一行
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Discourse::Application.config.secret_token = "你生成的token贴到这里"
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config/thin.yml 是用于thin的配置文件,
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cp config/thin.yml.sample config/thin.yml
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在config/thin.yml最后加上一行
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onebyone: true
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当然你也可以自己设置server的数量,一个server在运行的时候对应一个thin的进程,如果你的内存有线可以适当的减少server的数量,比如我设置成了2
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---
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chdir: /home/apps/discourse/current
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environment: production
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address: 0.0.0.0
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port: 3000
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timeout: 30
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log: /home/apps/discourse/shared/log/thin.log
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pid: /home/apps/discourse/shared/pids/thin.pid
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socket: /home/apps/discourse/shared/sockets/thin.sock
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max_conns: 1024
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max_persistent_conns: 100
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require: []
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wait: 30
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servers: 2
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daemonize: true
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onebyone: true
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config/nginx.conf
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cp config/nginx.conf.sample config/nginx.conf 这是nginx的配置文件,下面是我的配置,upstream里面内容和thin的配置对应,还要记得修改server_name以及location的root的位置
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upstream discourse {
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server unix:///home/apps/discourse/shared/sockets/thin.0.sock;
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server unix:///home/apps/discourse/shared/sockets/thin.1.sock;
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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gzip on;
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gzip_min_length 1000;
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gzip_types application/json text/css application/x-javascript;
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server_name mydiscourse.org;
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sendfile on;
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keepalive_timeout 65;
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location / {
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root /home/apps/discourse/current/public;
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location ~ ^/t\/[0-9]+\/[0-9]+\/avatar {
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expires 1d;
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add_header Cache-Control public;
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add_header ETag "";
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}
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location ~ ^/assets/ {
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expires 1y;
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add_header Cache-Control public;
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add_header ETag "";
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break;
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}
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
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# If the file exists as a static file serve it directly without
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# running all the other rewite tests on it
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if (-f $request_filename) {
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break;
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}
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if (!-f $request_filename) {
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proxy_pass http://discourse;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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由于上面的一些配置中涉及到一些敏感信息,你不不能将其放到public的库中,要不放到私有库中,要么将这些敏感文件加入git的ignore
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####4.配置Capistrano
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往Gemfile中加入两行
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gem 'capistrano', require: nil
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gem 'capistrano-rbenv', require: nil
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cp Capfile.sample Capfile
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创建config/deploy.rb
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# Require the necessary Capistrano recipes
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require 'capistrano-rbenv'
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require 'bundler/capistrano'
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require 'sidekiq/capistrano'
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# Repository settings, forked to an outside copy
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set :repository, 'git://github.com/kejinlu/discourse.git'
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set :deploy_via, :remote_cache
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set :branch, fetch(:branch, 'master')
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set :scm, :git
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ssh_options[:keys] = [File.join(ENV["HOME"], ".ssh", "id_rsa")]
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ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true
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# General Settings
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set :deploy_type, :deploy
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default_run_options[:pty] = true
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# Server Settings
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set :user, 'apps'
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set :use_sudo, false
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set :rails_env, :production
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set :rbenv_ruby_version, '2.0.0-p195'
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role :app, 'mydiscourse.org', primary: true
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role :db, 'mydiscourse.org', primary: true
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role :web, 'mydiscourse.org', primary: true
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# Application Settings
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set :application, 'discourse'
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set :deploy_to, "/home/#{user}/#{application}"
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# Keep your bundle up to date!
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#after "deploy:setup" do
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# run "cd #{current_path} && bundle install"
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#end
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namespace :deploy do
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# Tasks to start, stop and restart thin. This takes Discourse's
|
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# recommendation of changing the RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT.
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desc 'Start thin servers'
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task :start, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
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run "cd #{current_path} && RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 bundle exec thin -C config/thin.yml start", :pty => false
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||||
end
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||||
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desc 'Stop thin servers'
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||||
task :stop, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
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run "cd #{current_path} && bundle exec thin -C config/thin.yml stop"
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end
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desc 'Restart thin servers'
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task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
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run "cd #{current_path} && RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 bundle exec thin -C config/thin.yml restart"
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||||
end
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||||
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||||
# Sets up several shared directories for configuration and thin's sockets,
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||||
# as well as uploading your sensitive configuration files to the serer.
|
||||
# The uploaded files are ones I've removed from version control since my
|
||||
# project is public. This task also symlinks the nginx configuration so, if
|
||||
# you change that, re-run this task.
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||||
task :setup_config, roles: :app do
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run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/config/initializers"
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run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/config/environments"
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run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/sockets"
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put File.read("config/database.yml"), "#{shared_path}/config/database.yml"
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put File.read("config/redis.yml"), "#{shared_path}/config/redis.yml"
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put File.read("config/environments/production.rb"), "#{shared_path}/config/environments/production.rb"
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put File.read("config/initializers/secret_token.rb"), "#{shared_path}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb"
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put File.read("config/thin.yml"), "#{shared_path}/config/thin.yml"
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put File.read("config/nginx.conf"), "#{shared_path}/config/nginx.conf"
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||||
sudo "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/#{application}"
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||||
puts "Now edit the config files in #{shared_path}."
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||||
end
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||||
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||||
# Symlinks all of your uploaded configuration files to where they should be.
|
||||
task :symlink_config, roles: :app do
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/database.yml #{release_path}/config/database.yml"
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/newrelic.yml #{release_path}/config/newrelic.yml"
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/redis.yml #{release_path}/config/redis.yml"
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/environments/production.rb #{release_path}/config/environments/production.rb"
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb #{release_path}/config/initializers/secret_token.rb"
|
||||
run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/thin.yml #{release_path}/config/thin.yml"
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
after "deploy:setup", "deploy:setup_config"
|
||||
after "deploy:finalize_update", "deploy:symlink_config"
|
||||
|
||||
# Tasks to start/stop/restart the clockwork process.
|
||||
namespace :clockwork do
|
||||
desc "Start clockwork"
|
||||
task :start, :roles => [:app] do
|
||||
run "cd #{current_path} && RAILS_ENV=#{rails_env} bundle exec clockworkd -c #{current_path}/config/clock.rb --pid-dir #{shared_path}/pids --log --log-dir #{shared_path}/log start"
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
task :stop, :roles => [:app] do
|
||||
run "cd #{current_path} && RAILS_ENV=#{rails_env} bundle exec clockworkd -c #{current_path}/config/clock.rb --pid-dir #{shared_path}/pids --log --log-dir #{shared_path}/log stop"
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
task :restart, :roles => [:app] do
|
||||
run "cd #{current_path} && RAILS_ENV=#{rails_env} bundle exec clockworkd -c #{current_path}/config/clock.rb --pid-dir #{shared_path}/pids --log --log-dir #{shared_path}/log restart"
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
after "deploy:stop", "clockwork:stop"
|
||||
after "deploy:start", "clockwork:start"
|
||||
before "deploy:restart", "clockwork:restart"
|
||||
|
||||
namespace :db do
|
||||
desc 'Seed your database for the first time'
|
||||
task :seed do
|
||||
run "cd #{current_path} && psql -d discourse_production < pg_dumps/production-image.sql"
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
after 'deploy:update_code', 'deploy:migrate'
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
####5.运行Capistrano
|
||||
|
||||
bundle install
|
||||
cap deploy:setup
|
||||
cap deploy:cold #第一次运行之后更新重启的时候只需要 cap deploy 便可
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user